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Elijah (, meaning "My God is Yahu"〔''New Bible Dictionary''. 1982 (second edition). Tyndale Press, Wheaton, IL, USA. ISBN 0-8423-4667-8, p. 319〕〔) entry "Elijah"〕) or Elias (; (ギリシア語:Ηλίας) ''Elías''; Syriac: ''Elyāe'';〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Word ')ly)' )〕 Arabic: إلياس or إليا, ''Ilyās'' or ''Ilyā'') was a prophet and a wonder-worker in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Ahab (9th century BC), according to the biblical Books of Kings. According to the Books of Kings, Elijah defended the worship of Yahweh over that of the Canaanite idol Baal. God also performed many miracles through him, which included raising the dead, bringing fire down from the sky, and taking him up to heaven "by a whirlwind". In the Book of Malachi, Elijah's return is prophesied "before the coming of the great and terrible day of the Lord", making him a harbinger of the Messiah and the eschaton in various faiths that revere the Hebrew Bible. References to Elijah appear in the New Testament, the Talmud, the Mishnah, and the Qur'an. In Judaism, Elijah's name is invoked at the weekly Havdalah ritual that marks the end of Shabbat, and Elijah is invoked in other Jewish customs, among them the Passover seder and the Brit milah (ritual circumcision). He appears in numerous stories and references in the Haggadah and rabbinic literature, including the Babylonian Talmud. The Christian New Testament ((Matthew 16:14 ) & (Mark 8:28 )) describes how Jesus was thought by some to be John the Baptist, others Elijah and still others Jeremiah or "one of the prophets". Jesus makes it clear that John the Baptist is "the Elijah" ((Matthew 11:14 ) & (Matthew 17:11-12 )) who was promised to come in (Malachi 4:5 ). This is also explained in (Luke 1:16-17 ). Elijah appears with Moses during the Transfiguration of Jesus. Elijah is also a figure in various Christian folk traditions, often identified with earlier pagan thunder or sky gods. In the Qur'an and certain Islamic traditions, Elijah is described as a great and righteous man of God who powerfully preached against the worship of Baal. == Biblical narratives == By the 9th century BC, the Kingdom of Israel, once united under King Solomon, was divided into the northern Kingdom of Israel and southern Kingdom of Judah, which retained the historic seat of government and focus of the Israelite religion at the Temple in Jerusalem. Omri, King of Israel, continued policies dating from the reign of Jeroboam, contrary to the laws of Moses, that were intended to reorient religious focus away from Jerusalem: encouraging the building of local temple altars for sacrifices, appointing priests from outside the family of the Levites, and allowing or encouraging temples dedicated to the Canaanite god, Baal.〔Kaufman, Yehezkel. "The Biblical Age." In Schwarz, Leo W. ed. ''Great Ages and Ideas of the Jewish People.'' Modern Library: New York. 1956. p. 53–56.〕〔Raven, John H. ''The History of the Religion of Israel.'' Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1979. p. 281–281.〕 Omri achieved domestic security with a marriage alliance between his son Ahab and princess Jezebel, a priestess of Baal and the daughter of the king of Sidon in Phoenicia.〔Psalm 45, sometimes viewed as a wedding song for Ahab and Jezebel, may allude to this union and its problems: "Hear, O daughter, consider, and incline your ear; forget your people and your father’s house; and the king will desire your beauty. Since he is your lord, bow to him; the people of Tyre will sue your favor with gifts.") See: Smith, Norman H. "I Kings." in Buttrick, George A., et al. Eds. ''The Interpreter's Bible: Volume 3.'' Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1982. p 144.〕 These solutions brought security and economic prosperity to Israel for a time,〔Miller, J. M. and J. H. Hayes. ''A History of Ancient Israel and Judah.'' Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006.〕 but did not bring peace with the Israelite prophets, who were interested in a strict deuteronomic interpretation of Mosaic law. Under Ahab's kingship, these tensions were exacerbated. Ahab built a temple for Baal, and his wife Jezebel brought a large entourage of priests and prophets of Baal and Asherah into the country. It is in this context that Elijah is introduced in as Elijah "The Tishbite". He warns Ahab that there will be years of catastrophic drought so severe that not even dew will fall, because Ahab and his queen stand at the end of a line of kings of Israel who are said to have "done evil in the sight of the Lord." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elijah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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